Bees, like many animals, use signals to warn off prey.Many animals are toxic, unpalatable, or otherwise unprofitable, and advertise this to predators with conspicuous and/or distinctive warning signals, this is called aposematism.
Female bees can sting to defend themselves and this ultimately lets other animals know ‘I’m something than can cause you harm’, if you get stung once you tend to remember it’s something that looks like that.
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